第二講 細節(jié)理解類
【分類真題】
（2019年課表全國卷二，C）
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s "me" time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half（53 percent）have breakfast alone and nearly half（46 percent）have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
"I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?" Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. "Today, I just wanted some time to myself," she said.
Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction（交流）. "I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week," he said. "It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan."
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. "It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology," said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?
A. Food variety. B. Eating habits. C. Table manners. D.Restaurant service.
【答案】B
?【解析】細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為：第二段中的數(shù)據(jù)是關(guān)于什么的？根據(jù)第二段A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves.Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the re-port.可知，本段中出現(xiàn)的數(shù)據(jù)都體現(xiàn)了人們吃飯的習(xí)慣，所以選擇B項。A:食物的多樣性；C:餐桌禮儀；D:餐廳服務(wù)。
29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?
A. To meet with her coworkers. B. To catch up with her work.
C. To have some time on her own. D. To collect data for her report.
【答案】C
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為：為什么 Bechtel 更愿意出去吃午餐？
根據(jù)第三段的最后一句的Today,I just wanted some time to myself可知答案為C項。
30. What do we know about Mazoleny?
A. He makes videos for the bar. B. He’s fond of the food at the bar.
C. He interviews customers at the bar. D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper.
【答案】D
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為：關(guān)于Mazoleny我們知道些什么？
根據(jù)題干中的人名 Mazoleny可知答案應(yīng)在第四段尋找。根據(jù)第四段的第二句He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction.可知，他和服務(wù)員很熟，故答案為D項。A:他為餐館拍視頻；B:他喜歡這個餐館的食物；C:他在這個餐館采訪顧客。
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. The trend of having meals alone. B. The importance of self-reflection.
C. The stress from working overtime. D. The advantage of wireless technology.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意題。本題題干意為：本文的主要內(nèi)容是什么？文章最后一段出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵詞eat alone,第三段和第四段舉了兩個人獨自吃飯的例子。整篇文章都是圍繞著eat alone展開的，與A項中的having meals alone相匹配，故答案為A項。B:自我反省的重要性；C:加班帶來的壓力；D:無線科技的優(yōu)點。
(2019年全國卷I.A)
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Need a Job This Summer?
The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.
Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.
Jobs for Youth
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible（符合條件）for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
Who is eligible: Youth 15—18 years old in select communities（社區(qū)）.
Summer Company
Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15—29, returning to school in the fall.
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.
Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.
Summer Employment Opportunities（機會）
Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.
21. What is special about Summer Company?
???A. It requires no training before employment.
B. It provides awards for running new businesses.
C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.
D. It offers more summer job opportunities.
【答案】.B
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為：Summer Company有什么特別之處？根據(jù)Summer Company標(biāo)題下第一句（Summer Company給學(xué)生提供實際操作的商業(yè)培訓(xùn)和高達3,000美元的夏季自我創(chuàng)業(yè)獎勵）可知B項正確（為創(chuàng)業(yè)者提供獎勵）。A:在上崗前不要求培訓(xùn)；C:讓一個人在自然環(huán)境下工作；D:提供更多的夏季工作機會。
22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?
???A.15—18. ??? B.15—24. ?? C.15—29. ????? D.16—17.
【答案】.D
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為：Stewardship Youth Ranger Program要求的年齡范圍是多大？根據(jù)Stewardship Youth Ranger Program標(biāo)題下第二段中的學(xué)生年齡是16或17歲，并且在今年12月31日以前不滿18歲。由此可知答案為D項。
23. Which program favors the disabled?
???A. Jobs for Youth. ??? B. Summer Company.
???C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program. ????D. Summer Employment Opportunities
【答案】.D
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為：哪個項目對殘疾人有利？根據(jù)題干中的the disabled可定位到Summer Employment Opportunities部分最后一句話（有些職位要求學(xué)生年齡15到24歲，有殘疾的可以放寬到29歲）。由此可知答案為D項。
(2019年全國卷I.C)
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric（生物測量）technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（裝置）that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（節(jié)奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to — regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word ＂touch＂four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
???A. To reduce pressure on keys. ?????? B. To improve accuracy in typing
???C. To replace the password system. ?? D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.
【答案】D
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為：研究者們?yōu)槭裁囱邪l(fā)智能鍵盤？根據(jù)文章第一段可知，現(xiàn)在一些阻止別人進入私人電子空間的技術(shù)成本仍然很高。因此，來自Georgia Tech的研究者們想出了一種低成本的（low-cost)裝置——智能鍵盤，來應(yīng)對這個問題。所以答案為D項：減少電子空間保護的成本。A:減輕對按鍵的壓力；B:提升打字的精確度；C:取代密碼系統(tǒng)。
29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?
???A. Computers are much easier to operate.
???B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
???C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.
???D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
【答案】.C
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為：什么使智能鍵盤這項發(fā)明成為可能？根據(jù)第二段第四句“These patterns are unique to each person.”可知，因為每個人的打字模式各不相同，所以智能鍵盤能識別人的身份，保護人的隱私。所以答案為C項：打字模式因人而異。A:計算機很容易操作；B:指紋掃描技術(shù)發(fā)展很快；D:數(shù)據(jù)安全措施有保證。
30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?
???A. It’ll be environment-friendly. ??????? ? B. It’ll reach consumers soon.
???C. It’ll be made of plastics. ??????????? ? D. It’ll help speed up typing.
【答案】.B
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為：研究者們對智能鍵盤期待什么？根據(jù)文章最后一段最后兩句話，研究者們說鍵盤應(yīng)該直接商業(yè)化，智能鍵盤主要是由價格低廉的塑料類配件制成，團隊希望它在不久的將來進入市場。所以答案為B項（它將很快到達消費者手里）。A:它將是環(huán)保的；C:它將用塑料制造。此項為干擾項，用塑料制造是事實，但不是將來發(fā)生的事；D:它將有助于加速打字。
31. Where is this text most likely from?
???A. A diary. ??? B. A guidebook ?? C. A novel. ?? D. A magazine.
【答案】.D
【解析】推理判斷題。本題題干意為：這篇文章最有可能來自哪里？文章介紹了一種新的保護電子隱私空間的設(shè)備——智能鍵盤，并且希望產(chǎn)品能很快走進市場。本文語言客觀嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，屬于科普類文章，故答案為D項：雜志。A:日記；B:指導(dǎo)手冊；C:小說。
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(2019年全國卷I.B)
Grandparents Answer a Call
??As a third generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Gaf finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move to a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.
??No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study grandparents com. 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson ‘s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.
??“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grate magazine for grandparents. We now realize how important family is and how important to be near them, especially when you’re raining children.”
??Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.
Why was Garza’s move a success?
A. It strengthened her family ties.
B. It improved her living conditions.
C. It enabled her make more friends.
D. It helped her know more new places.
【答案】.A
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句中的giving them a closer relationship可知選擇A項。B、C、D三項均為文中未提及的內(nèi)容。
26. What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision?
A. 17% expressed their support for it.
B. Few people responded sympathetically.
C. 83% believed it had a bad influence.
D. The majority thought it was a trend.
【答案】.D
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第四句可知，83%的人們說Robinson夫人的決定將會影響美國家庭的祖父母們，由此可判斷這些人認為這是一個趨勢，故選D項，注意C項錯在bad,文中未提及是壞的影響。
27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?
A. They were unsure of raise more children.
B. They were eager to raise more children.
C. They wanted to live away from their parents.
D. They bad little respect for their grandparent.
【答案】C
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句可知，在20世紀(jì)60年代，我們有點野，總想離家更遠更快來證明自己可以獨立，由此可判斷選擇C項。A項，根據(jù)他們想離家來證明自己可判斷是非常自信的，因此可排除。B項和原文不符。D項，文中未提到對祖父母不尊敬的內(nèi)容。
28. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?
A. Make decisions in the best interests’ of their own
B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them
C. Sacrifice for their struggling children?
D. Get to know themselves better
【答案】.A
【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句 Almost every...it is wiser to say no...和最后一句...especially knowing your adult child is strugg-ling...可判斷選A項。
【模擬優(yōu)題】
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(2019吉林名校一聯(lián)，A)
Christmas is a time for eating great food, giving and receiving presents, and most importantly spending time with your family watching some classic Christmas movies.
The Grinch(2000)
This is a Christmas must-watch and one of Jim Carrey's best performances. It was also originally a nursery tale book written by Dr Seuss. It's the story of a green monster who wants to ruin Christmas but in the end discovers the power of love and generosity. I promise it's a great film with plenty of laughs along the way.
Love Actually(2003)
While this is not a personal favourite of mine, people in the UK absolutely love this film. It has many featuring actors and actresses. It might be a little difficult to follow as there are complex plots, so I recommend watching a translated version. However, the heart-warming elements of the film make it worth watching.
Home Alone(1990)
This amusing masterwork is one of my favourite films of all time. It tells the story of a boy, Kevin, who is left alone in his house when his large family forgets to take him on vacation with them. While other family members are away, burglars try to rob the house and Kevin must protect his home by setting traps. The trips, falls and traps will have you laughing out loud as you watch an 8-year-old boy beat two grown men.
Miracle on 34th Street(1994)
You can't have Christmas in an English-speaking country without watching this movie. It's not funny like Home Alone or The Grinch, but it is incredibly touching. It's about a man who claims to be Santa, but nobody believes him except a lawyer and
a little girl. The story line may seem a little childish but you can enjoy it at any age
1.Which film is adapted from a fairy tale?
A. The Grinch. ????B. Home Alone ???C. Love Actually. ?????D. Miracle on 34th Street.
【答案】.A
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“It was also originally a nursery tale book written by Dr Seuss."可知The Grinch取材于童話故事，故選A。
2.What is Home Alone mainly about?
A. An unsuccessful family vacation.
B.A boy protecting his home by himself.
C.A terrible suffering of a little boy.
D. An 8-year-old boy's practical jokes.
【答案】.B
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段倒數(shù)第二句的“burglars try to rob the house and Kevin must protect his home by setting traps"可知 Home Alone(《小鬼當(dāng)家》）講述了一個男孩獨自擊敗盜賊保衛(wèi)家園的故事，故B項正確。
3.Why is Miracle on 34th Street so popular?
A. Owing to its moving plot.
B. Because of its funny story.
C. Due to its childish story line.
D. Because of its famous actors and actresses.
【答案】.A
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句的“but it is incredible touching"可知 Miracle on 34th Street(《34街的奇跡》）之所以受歡迎是因為其故事情節(jié)異常感人，故選A。
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Passage 2(2019東北師大附中等六校聯(lián)考，B)
Dr. Amanda Harris was ready for sleep since it was already11 pm. The phone rang. On the other end of the line was a woman about to break a promise. The woman was her mother's neighbor. Flora Harris had made the neighbor swear she wouldn't tell her daughter she'd had a heart attack and was in hospital. The neighbor wisely decided to disobey orders.
Amanda desperately wanted to get to the hospital immediately, but she couldn't. She lives in Washington D.C., and her mother lives in California. For the past year and a half, Amanda has gone to Los Angeles every other month to take care of her mother. Flora Harris takes care of her husband, James, who is 91 and has Alzheimer's disease. They live in their own home, and a caregiver comes to help them a few hours a day. Amanda is one of many Americans facing the heartache of how to take care of aging parents from afar . She's often worried and guilty , not to mention busy with a demanding job , two teenage daughters and the frequent trips to California .
In some ways, Amanda is lucky. She has the resources to make the trips to Los Angeles . Plus , she is a doctor who treats the elderly . She's treated countless patients whose children live far away.
" But it's still tough , " she says . " I can foresee what the next few years are going to look like, and it's not a pretty picture. There will come a time when my father won't recognize me and I worry he's going to be violent and hurt my mother." So what do you do when you live a continent away from your aging, sick parents? You can hire someone to help, but you can't count on it completely.
1.Why is Amanda worried and guilty?
A . She is tired of taking care of her husband .
B. She cannot afford to go to California often.
C. She cannot take good care of her aging parents.
D. She has heart disease and cannot do a demanding job.
【答案】.C
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。由第三段第一句“Amanda is one of many Americans facing the heartache of how to take care of aging parents from afar."可知Amanda之所以擔(dān)心、愧疚，是因為她無法很好地照顧遠方自己年邁的父母，故C項正確。
2.The author considers Amanda lucky
A. her parents are well cared for by a caregiver
B. she has experience of treating the elderly
C. her parents are not very old
D. she has a lot of free time
【答案】.B
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。由第四段最后一句“She's treated countless patients whose children live far away."可知，Amanda是幸運的，原因是她是一名醫(yī)生，照顧過無數(shù)遠離子女的病人，即她有照顧老人的經(jīng)驗。
3.What's one of the symptoms of a person with Alzheimer's
disease ?
A. Having no sense of pain.
B. Having heart attacks often.
C. Always feeling worried and guilty.
D. Being unable to recognize relatives.
【答案】.D
【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的“There will come a time when my father won't recognize me"可知，Amanda的父親患有早老性癡呆病Amanda擔(dān)心他有一天會不認得自己，故早老性癡呆病的癥狀之一為無法認出自己的親屬。
4.The writer writes this passage in order to _________ .
A. stress the importance of tending aging parents
B. give some advice on tending aging parents from afar
C. introduce the current situation of aging parents in the USA
D. show the difficulty of tending aging parents living far away
【答案】.D
【解析】推理判斷題。文章圍繞著Amanda無法很好地照顧遠方年邁父母的事情來敘述，故文章的主要目的是說明照顧住在遠方的年邁父母的困難。
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