賓語。根據引導賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。
1. 由that引導的賓語從句。That只有語法作用，沒有實在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。例如：
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
他說他想呆在家里。
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
她不知道她病得很嚴重。
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
我確信他會成功。
2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當某個成分。例如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
你知道他們在等誰嗎？
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
他問誰的書法最好。
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
?你能告訴我3路公共汽車站在哪兒嗎？
I don’t know why the train is late.
我不知道火車為什么晚了。
I can't imagine why he did that thing．
我不能想像他為什么做了那件事。
Do you know why we have put off the sports meet till next month?
你知道我們?yōu)槭裁窗堰\動會推遲到下個月嗎?
???當疑問代詞what，who在特殊疑問句中做主語時，該特殊疑問句本身就是陳述句語序，所以當該句用來做賓語時，語序不需要調整。
What's wrong with you?
怎么了?
He asked the girl what was wrong with her．
他問這個女孩怎么回事了。
What's the matter?
怎么了?
He asked the girl what was the matter．
他問這個女孩怎么了。
What has happened to him?
他發(fā)生什么事了?
We want to know what has happened to him．
我們想知道他發(fā)生了什么事。
同類句式還有：Who broke the window?
誰打破的窗戶?
Who is in the classroom?
誰在教室里?
What made him so angry．
什么使得他如此生氣。
3. 由if或whether引導的賓語從句。表示“是否”，二者通常可以互換。例如：
Lily asked if/whether she liked it.
莉莉問她是否喜歡它。
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
我想知道他是否住在這兒。
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
他問我是否可以幫助他。
但語義有點區(qū)別：
1）whether強調猶豫和選擇，多見于書面語中；if 只限于條件，常用于口語。例如：
Write and tell me whether I'm to come. ?
請寫信告訴我，我是否該來。
Write and tell me if I'm to come.
?如果我該來，請寫信告訴我（相當于說：若我不必來，那就不用費心寫信給
我了。）
2）whether可引導各種名詞性從名和讓步狀語從句，if 只能引導賓語從句和條件狀語從句。由if引導的從句，首先要弄清楚是賓語從句，還是條件狀語從句，然后再確定時態(tài)。若是引導條件狀語從句，謂語動詞
應用一般現(xiàn)在（過去）時代替一般將來（過去將來）時。例如：
If you don't go soon, you’ll be late.
如果你不馬上去就會遲到。
當if引導一個非真實條件句時，從句的謂語動詞應用過去式（如果是be, 則不論主語的人稱和數(shù)，一律用
were）,主句謂語動詞用“would+動詞原形”。例如：
If everyone in the country knew first aid, many lives would be saved.
如果每個國民都懂得急救（的知識），許多生命就會得以挽救。
3）whether和if都可以與or no連用。但if與or not之間常需要用詞語隔開，而whether與or not可連用，也可隔開。例如：
Can you tell me whether or not the train has left?(=Can you tell ?me whether the train has left or not?
你能告訴我火車是否離開了嗎?
I don't care if your car breaks down or not .
我不在乎你的汽車是否壞了。
4）下列情況，只用whether作引導詞：
引導主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句、讓步狀語從句。例如：
Whether he comes or not doesn't concern me.
他來不來與我無關。
I am in doubt whether I ought to give this plan my approval.
我決定不了是否該同意這項計劃。
What I want to know is whether you can help me.
我想知道的是你是否能幫助我。
Whether we go or stay, the result is the same.
不管我們是走還是留，其結果是一樣的。
5）與不定式連用：例如：
I don't know whether to accept or refuse.
我不知道是該接受還是該拒絕。
6）在介詞后作介賓。例如：
I am not interested in whether you like the plan or not.
我不在乎你是否喜歡那項計劃。
4．think，believe，suppose，imagine，guess等表示“認為”、“猜想”等的動詞后的賓語從句
1）否定轉移
????在以上動詞之后的賓語從句中，有時謂語盡管是否定含義，卻不用否定形式，而把主句中的上述動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?，這就叫否定轉移。
I don't think the book is worth buying．
我認為這本書不值得買。
I don't believe they have finished their work．
我相信他們并未完成他們的工作。
I don't suppose he cares．
我猜想他們不會介意的。
We don't expect they will have everything done．
我們希望他們沒有把事全做完。
2）存在這種否定轉移現(xiàn)象的句了在作反意疑問句時，具有如下特點：
????在賓語從句中，如果主句的謂語動詞是think，believe，suppose，imagine，guess等，主句主語是第一人稱以外的人稱時，反意疑問句應針對主句。
You don't think he can finish his work, do you? ?
你認為他不能完成他的工作，是嗎?
He doesn't believe that we have come back，does he?
?他認為我們還沒回來呢，是嗎?
????但是如果主句主語是第一人稱時，反意疑問詞部分的主語和時態(tài)要與賓語從句保持一致，并注意否定轉移。
I don't think you are an actor，are you?
我認為你不是一個演員，是嗎?
I suppose you have been to Beijing，haven't you ?
我想你去過北京。是嗎?
????另外，當think ，suppose，believe，imaging，guess這類表示“認為”、“猜想”的動詞作主句謂語時，常會出現(xiàn)一種以疑問詞起頭的雙重疑問句。
What do you think he is?
?你認為他是做什么的?
How much time do you suppose I must spend on it?
你認為我得花多少時間來做這件事?
二. 賓語從句的語序
賓語從句的語序應為陳述句的語序。例如：
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
我聽說物理不容易。
I think (that) you will like this school soon.
我認為你不久會喜歡這所學校。
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
你能告訴我怎么到動物園嗎？
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
請告訴我我們什么時候開會。
三. 賓語從句的時態(tài)
1．若主句為一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時，則從句的時態(tài)不限可視句子意義使用所需要的任何時態(tài)。例如：
We all know chicken can't swim.
我們都知道雞不會游泳。
Don't you think Jim is speaking too quick.
難道你不認為吉姆講的太快了嗎？
He says he will come back.
他說他會回來。
2．若主句是祈使句，從句謂語動詞也可用所需要的任何時態(tài)。例如：
Show me which picture is yours.
讓我看看哪張照片是你的。
Please tell us where we will go.
請告訴我要去哪里。
3．若主句是一般過去時，從句必須用過去時態(tài)的某一種。例如：
I knew she had swept the floor already.
我知道她已經掃過地了。
He asked if I was doing my homework this time yesterday.
他問我昨天這個時候是否在做作業(yè)。
4．若從句敘述的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或永恒不變的規(guī)律時，則不受主句時態(tài)的限制，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：
Our teacher told us light travels much faster than sound.
老師告訴我們光傳播的速度比聲音快得多。
They knew the sun is much bigger than the earth then.
他們那時就知道太陽比地球大得多，
He said that one and one makes two.
他說一加一等于二。
賓語從句專項練習（一）
一.翻譯句子 完成下列賓語從句：
1. Please tell me _______________________. （我們什么時候開會）
2. Can you tell me _______________. （他在哪兒）
3. Could you tell me ______________________. （我該怎么去車站）
4. Would you tell me _________________（為什么火車遲到了）
5. I want to know _____________________. （他是否跟我們一起去公園）
6. Ask him _____________________. （他是否能來）
7. I don't know ___________________________.（是否要下雨）
【答案】
1. Please tell me when we are going to have a meeting. （我們什么時候開會）
2. Can you tell me where he is?（他在哪兒）
3. Could you tell me the way to the station? （我該怎么去車站）
4. Would you tell me why the train is late?（為什么火車遲到了）
5. I want to know whether he will go to the park with us. （他是否跟我們一起去公園）
6. Ask him if he can come. （他是否能來）
7. I don't know whether it will rain (or not).（是否要下雨）
二．把下列句子變成含有賓語從句的復合句。
1. The tickets are in my pocket. The man says.
The man says___________________
2. I have joined the League. He says.
He says________________________
3. The earth goes round the sun. Our teacher tells us.
Our teacher tells us________________________________________
4. Have you heard of anything about Mei? The man asks us.
The man asks us_____________________________________
5. Can you swim? Please tell me.
Please tell me_________________
6. How can we do the work well?
I always think of ___________________________________________
7. When do you go to bed? He asks me.
He asks me _________________
8. Where did you meet Mr Green?
I want to know___________________________________________
9. What are they drawing? Do you know?
I want to know_____________________________________
10. Where do they stop on the way? I ask.
_____________________________________________________
【答案】
1. The man says that the tickets are in his pocket.
2. He says he has joined the League.
3. Our teacher tells us the earth goes round the sun.
4. The man asks us whether we have heard of anything about Mei.
5. Please tell me whether you can swim.
6. I always think of how we can do the work well.
7. He asks me when I go to bed.
8. I want to know where you met Mr Green.
9. I want to know what they are drawing.
10.I ask where they stop on the way.
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